TRANSFORMERS - CONSTRUCTION AND TYPES

TRANSFORMERS CONSTRUCTION AND TYPES

TYPES OF TRANSFORMERS

FROM ELECTRICITY GENERATION TO ELECTRICITY AT OUR HOME

TWO TYPES OF TRANSFORMERS ARE USED

• Power Transformers : USED TO STEP UP AT GENERATION PLANT
• Distribution Transformers : USED TO STEP DOWN NEAR DISTRIBUTION SITE

BOTH THE TRANSFORMERS ARE SIMILAR IN CONSTRUCTION:

ON THE BASIS OF CONSTRUCTION, TRANSFORMERS ARE CLASSIFIED IN TWO TYPES

• CORE TYPE 
• SHELL TYPE

TO UNDERSTAND THE CONSTRUCTION OF CORE TYPE AND SHELL TYPE ,

WATCH THE VIDEO IS MAGNETIC CORE SECTION.

A CONVENTIONAL TRANSFORMER CONSISTS OF FOLLOWING PARTS

• MAGNETIC CORE
• PRIMARY AND SECONDARY WINDINGS  OR HIGH VOLTAGE AND LOW VOLTAGE WINDINGS
• CONSERVATOR
• BREATHER
• BUCHOLZ RELAY
• RADIATOR OF TRANSFORMER
• ON LOAD AND OFF LOAD TAP CHANGING

• MAGNETIC CORE :   Generally Core Of Transformer  a piece of magnetic material with a high magnetic permeability, nearly in between (8000-10000)

        Cold rolled Grain Oriented Steel is used Now a Days,

           

           Practically, 

        Thin Laminated Strips of CRGO are placed on each other, they are                     insulated with each other to reduce eddy current losses.

      

         

           

• PRIMARY AND SECONDARY WINDING :  Thin Copper insulated wire is used to make windings, To Understand its concept, watch the Video Below.

• CONSERVATOR TANK OF A TRANSFORMER :  

1. This is a cylindrical tank mounted on supporting structure on the roof of transformer main tank
2. The main Function of Conservator is to provide adequate space for expansion of oil inside the Transformer
3. It also acts as a reservoir for the Transformer Insulating Oil.

• SILICA GEL BREATHER :

1. Breather are used to Absorb The Moisture From The Air,while the Transformer oil Gets Expanded due to heating.
2. Silica Gel Breather for Transformer is Connected with Conservator by Means Of Breathing Pipe.
3. Whenever Transformer Is Loaded,the Temperature Of Oil increases, consequently the volume of the oil is also increased.
4. As the Volume of oil is increased,the air above the oil level of conservator comes out.
5. Again at low temperature, the volume of the oil is decreased, which again causes air to enter into conservator
6. Silica Gel Changes colour from deep blue to pinkish white as it absorbs moisture.

• BUCHOLZ RELAY : 

1. It is used as a safety device mounted on an oil filled power Transformer.
2. It Protects the Transformer against internal Faults or Incipient Faults.
3. If there is a Fault inside the Transformer,Heat gasses will be Generated and Trapped in the Bucholz Relay and will protects the transformer.